Human rights groups say a quiet but well organized network is recruiting young Kenyan men and sending them to Russia, where some later end up linked to the war in Ukraine.
Activists claim the operation presents itself as normal work or study opportunities, but behind the promises, some recruits are allegedly redirected toward military roles without clear consent at the start.
According to civil society investigators, the recruitment process targets unemployed and underemployed youth who are actively searching for jobs abroad.
Recruiters are said to promote factory work, security jobs, and study programs in Russia. In the early stages, there is reportedly no mention of military service.
Instead, the focus is placed on stable income, legal travel documents, and a better future.
Fredrick Odhiambo Ojiro of Vocal Africa told Reuters and Bloomberg that recruiters avoid discussing combat. He said they first build trust by offering help with passports, visas, and contracts.
Families are allegedly assured that their sons will be safe and properly employed. Odhiambo estimates that more than 500 Kenyans may have travelled to Russia under such arrangements in the past two years.
He also claims that at least 200 families have contacted his organization after losing contact with relatives who travelled abroad.
Activists say some recruits arrive in Russia on tourist visas expecting civilian jobs. However, several accounts suggest that travel documents are taken away upon arrival.
Some individuals allegedly find themselves redirected to assignments connected to Russia’s military operations in Ukraine.
There are also claims that recruits are asked to open bank accounts controlled or monitored by supervisors. Although salaries may be deposited, some reportedly cannot freely access the money, leaving them dependent on those in charge.
A controversial part of the alleged system is the use of women as intermediaries. Odhiambo claims recruiters use women because they are often seen as more trustworthy within communities.
These women reportedly speak to families, attend social events, and reassure parents about safety and living conditions in Russia.
Activists argue that this approach lowers suspicion and makes the offers appear genuine.
Human rights advocates also point to alleged links with circles associated with the Russian Orthodox Church.
Recruiters are said to frame opportunities as church-supported study or work programs.
A Nairobi-based priest from the Russian Orthodox Church has denied any involvement in military recruitment, stating that church programs are strictly religious and educational.
The Kenyan government has acknowledged concerns about citizens involved in foreign conflicts. Foreign Affairs Cabinet Secretary Musalia Mudavadi has announced plans to travel to Russia to seek clarification.
Civil society groups are urging authorities to strengthen oversight of overseas recruitment and provide support to affected families.
Activists warn that high youth unemployment and rising living costs make such promises attractive.
They argue that the issue is not only about deception but also about economic pressure and trust within communities, which together create conditions that can be exploited.
